1ºESO: CHECK UNIT 10

1.- What was the origin of Greek civilization?

·         Name the territories where the Ancient Greeks lived. 

IN THE SOUTH OF THE BALKAN PENINSULA, ON MANY ISLANDS AND ON THE COAST OF ASIA MINOR.

·         Explain why Ancient Greece was never a unified country.

BECAUSE OF ITS PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS: MOUNTAINS DIVIDED THE BALKAN PENINSULA INTO SMALL VALLEYS. EACH VALLEY AND ISLAND WAS AN INDEPENDENT STATE.

·         Explain why the small Ancient Greek states belonged to the same civilization.

BECAUSE PEOPLE SPOKE THA SAME LANGUAGE, GREEK, AND WORSHIPPED THE SAME GODS. 

·         Why was there little agriculture and stockbreeding in Ancient Greece?

BECAUSE GREEK LANDS WERE NOT VERY PRODUCTIVE.

·         How did Ancient Greeks use the Mediterranean Sea?

 TO OBTEIN FOOD, FOR TRADE AND NAVIGATION.

2.- How did early Greece develop?

·         What was a city-state, or polis?

A POLIS WAS A CITY WITH ITS OWN GOVERNMENT, LAWS, ARMY, AND WAY OF LIFE.

·         Name some Greek poleis.

ATHENS, SPARTA, CORINTH AND THEBES.

·         Who were the rulers of the poleis?

THE RULERS WERE USUALLY RICH PEOPLE, OR ARISTOI, WHICH MEANS "THE BEST".

·         How was the government of the polis called ?

ARISTOCRACY

·         Give an example of a polis with this kind of government.

SPARTA

·         What system replaced aristocracy in some poleis?

DEMOCRACY

·         What did citizens do in a democracy?

§  . CITIZENS MET REGULARLY AT ASSEMBLIES TO MAKE DECISIONS AND CHOOSE THEIR REPRESENTATIVES.

§  . THEY CREATED COUNCILS WHICH PREPARED THE SUBJECTS TO BE DISCUSSED AT THE ASSEMBLIES.

·         Give an example of a polis with a democratic government.

ATHENS

·         What system of government exists in most European countries today?

DEMOCRACY

Complete the text with a suitable word:

Between the 8th and 6th century BC, Greece went through a period of ______________. The Greek population v considerably, the land was not ______________, and there was not enough ______________ for everyone. A small minority of rich people ______________ most of the land. There were many poor, ______________ peasants.

Consequently, many Greeks ______________ and founded ______________ around the Mediterranean Sea. ______________ took place in two directions and in two different periods.

·         To the ______________ between 750 and 650 BC, the Greeks settled on the islands and coasts of the ______________ Sea; in ______________, southern ______________, southern ______________ and ______________; and on the east coast of the ______________ Peninsula.

·         To the ______________ after 650 BC, colonies were founded around the ______________ Sea.

Answer the following questions:

·         Why are all the colonies on the coast?

IN ORDER TO MAKE TRANSPORT AND TRADE EASIER.

·         What kind of places did the Greeks also looked for?

THE GREEKS LOOKED FOR PLACES WHICH HAD WATER AND FERTILE LAND, AND A HILL WHICH ENABLED THEM TO PROTECT THE CITY.

·         What was the culture and government of the colonies like?

 COLONIES HAD THE SAME BELIFS, TRADITIONS AND ORGANISATION AS THE POLIS THEY CAME FROM, BUT THEY WERE INDEPENDENT.

·         What were the consequences of colonization?

§  . GREEKS MIXED WITH OTHER PEOPLES.

§  . COLONIZATION SPREAD GREEK INFLUENCE BEYOND ITS FRONTIERS.

3.- Why were Athens and Sparta important?

Please, first read the text on page 114 and then learn the following sentences.

ACROSS

1. Period formed by the 5th century and the first half of the 4th century BC. 

CLASSICAL PERIOD

3. Part of Asia conquered by the Persians, as there were Greek poleis.

ASIA MINOR

4. People who lived on the Iranian plateau in Asia.  THE PERSIANS
5. Enemy of Athens. SPARTA
7. The most powerful polis after the Peloponnesian War. ATHENS
9. Political system strenghthened by Pericles in Athens. DEMOCRACY

10. A Greek soldier who ran from Marathon to Athens to announce the victory of the the Greeks over the Persians in 490 BC.  PHEIDIPPIDES

DOWN

2. The richest and the most influential polis after the Persian Wars. ATHENS
3. Name of the battle where the Greeks won the Persians in the First Persian War.

THE BATTLE OF MARATHON
6. Leader of Athens:  PERICLES
7. Name of the battle where the Persians were defeated in the Second Persian War.

THE BATTLE OF SAMALIS.
8. A union of poleis formed in 447 BC to defend the poleis against future Persian attacks. THE DELIAN LEAGUE

4.- Who was Alexander the Great?

Please, first read the text on page 115 and then learn the following sentences.

ACROSS

3. Nickname given the the king who conquered the Persian Empire and reached the Indus River. THE GREAT
5. A very large kingdom in the north of Greece. MACEDONIA
8. People who divided up the territory after Alexander´s death. GENERALS
9. Cardinal point where Greek culture spread. EAST
10. Kingdom founded in Asia after Alexander´s death.  MESOPOTAMIA

DOWN

1. Name of the son of the assassinated king of Macedonia. ALEXANDER THE GREAT
2. Macedonian king who set out to conquer the Greek territories. KING PHILIP II OF MACEDONIA
4. The spreading of Greek culture and its fusion with Oriental culture is known like that. HELLENISM
6. City founded by the son of Philip II in Egypt. ALEXANDRIA
7. Adjetive used to define the type of monarchies which appeared in Alexander´s empire after his death. HELLENISTIC
9. Kingdom founded in Africa after Alexander´s death. EGYPT