UNIT 11: ANCIENT ROME
1.- How did Rome become an
Empire?
·
Where
was the city of Rome?
ON THE
RIVER TIBER IN THE ITALIAN PENINSULA.
·
Why
is the Italian Peninsula a strategic location?
BECAUSE IT
IS IN THE CENTRE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA
·
What
did this strategic location enabled the Romans to do?
TO EXTEND
THEIR TERRITORIES ON THREE CONTINENTS: EUROPE, AFRICA AND ASIA.
·
Put
in order the following statements about the growth of the Roman Empire:
o
2.-
Rome expanded across the Mediterranian.
o
3.-
Roman territories stretched north to south from the British Isles to the Sahara
Desert, and east to west from Mesopotamia to the Iberian Peninsula.
o
1.-
Rome conquered all the territories on the Italian Peninsula.
·
Analyse
the map on page 125 and list the territories which the Roman Empire dominated.
·
Analyse
the map on page 125 and underline which of the following modern countries were
part of the Roman Empire: The United Kingdom, France, Spain, Finland, Portugal,
Italy, Tunisia, Egypt, Lebanon and Denmark.
·
What
happened to the people who tried to resist Roman rule?
THEY WERE
MADE SLAVES.
·
What
aspects of its culture did Rome spread?
THEIR
LANGUAGE, LATIN, THEIR LAWS AND THEIR WAY OF LIFE.
·
How
was the empire administrated?
IT WAS
ADMINISTRATED INTO PROVINCES, WHICH HAD TO PAY TAXES TO ROME. EACH PROVINCE WAS
CONTROLLED BY A GOVERNOR, APPOINTED BY THE EMPEROR.
2.- What were the Monarchy and
the Republic?
The Monarchy (753.509 BC)
In the
first centuries of its history, Rome was governed by a ____________. This king
was ____________ by the most important ____________ in the city, the
____________.
This king
was helped by the ____________, an assembly formed by ____________, who were
the ____________ of the leading families.
In the 6th
century BC, Rome was conquered by the ____________. However, the Romans fought
against them and eventurally ____________ them. In 509 BC, a ____________
dethroned Lucius Tarquinus Superbus (Tarquin the Proud the last ____________
King.
The Republic (509-27BC)
·
What
is the form of government after the Roman monarchy?
THE
REPUBLIC
·
Name
the three institutions of the Roman Republic:
THE
COMITIAS, THE MAGISTRATUS AND THE SENATE.
·
Write
the correct institution:
o
This
institution gave instructions to magistrates. SENATE
o
Assemblies
where Roman citizens met to elect magistrates. COMITIAS
o
This
institution established the laws. SENATE
o
Magistrates
held political, military and sometimes religious power. MAGISTRATUS
o
This
institution directed foreign policy. SENATE
o
The
highest magistrates were two consuls who controlled the political life and the
army. MAGISTRATUS
o
The
most important institution. SENATE
o
Assemblies
where Roman citizens met to vote for laws. COMITIAS
o
Magistrates
were elected for a year. MAGISTRATUS
Patricians and plebeians
Define the
following concepts:
- The patricians WERE A MINORITY FORMED BY THE RICHEST AND MOST POWERFUL FAMILIES. THEY CLAIMED TO BE DESCENDANTS OF THE FOUNDERS OF ROME.
- The plebeians WERE ALL THE OTHER CITIZENS.
- The tribune of the plebeians WAS THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE PLEBEIANS IN THE SENATE.
3.- How did the Republic
evolve?
- What wars happened between 264BC – 146BC?
PUNIC WARS.
- Who fought in those wars?
ROME AND
CARTHAGE.
- What was Cathage?
A NORTH
AFRICAN POWER.
- How many wars were there between the Romans and the Carthaginians?
THREE
- How long did these wars lasted?
OVER A
HUNDRED YEARS.
- What did Rome do after after its victory in these wars?
ROME
EXTENDED ITS POWER AROUND THE MEDITERRANEAN.
The crisis of the Republic
- What was the Roman situation in the 1st century BC?
THE
REPUBLIC WAS WEAKENED BY CORRUPTION AND INTERNAL CONFLICTS.
- What kind of power increased?
THE POWER
OF MILITARY.
- What did militaries do to prevent disorder?
THE FORMED
TRIUMVIRATES.
- What is a triunvirate?
ALLIANCES
OF THREE MEN WHO SHARED POWER.
- Who was the first triumvirate formed by?
JULIUS
CAESAR, CRASSUS AND POMPEY.
- What was the consecuence of the disagreement of the first triumvirate?
A CIVIL WAR
BROKE OUT.
- Who won the war and proclaimed perpetual dictator?
JULIUS
CAESAR.
- What happened in 44 BC?
JULIUS
CAESAR WAS ASSASSINATED BY A GROUP OF SENATORS AND SUPPORTERS OF THE REPUBLIC.
- Who was the second triumvirate formed by?
MARK
ANTHONY, LEPIDUS AND OCTAVIAN.
- Who finally took control after several wars?
OCTAVIAN
4.- How was the Roman Empire
created?
- Who was the first Roman emperor?
OCTAVIAN
AUGUSTUS
- What does “Augustus” mean?
"CHOSEN
BY THE GODS"
- Name the funtions of the Roman emperor:
- . HE PRESIDED OVER THE SENATE.
- . HE WAS THE HEAD OF THE ARMY.
- .HE WAS THE HIGHEST RELIGIOUS LEADER.
- .HE DIRECTED FOREIGN POLICY.
- .HE DICTATED LAWS.
- HE DECIDED UPON TAXES..
- When did the Roman world reach its peak?
IN THE 1st AND 2nd CENTURIES AD.
- What famous emperors governed at that moment?
CLAUDIUS,
VESPASIAN, TRAJAN AND MARCUS AURELIUS.
- Label the different parts of the sculpture of Octavian Augustus.
5.- Why did the Roman Empire
decline?
The crisis of the 3rd century
- What happened at the beginning of the 3rd century?
THE ROMAN
EMPIRE SUFFERED A CRISIS.
- Who revolted?
PEASANTS
AND SOLDIERS.
- What happened to the cities?
THE CITIES
WERE ATTACKED.
- What did the population do?
THE
POPULATION SOUGHT REFUGE IN THE COUNTRY.
- Why did emperors diminished?
BECAUSE
THEY WERE UNABLE TO SOLVE THESE PROBLEMS.
- Who invaded the north of the Roman empire?
GERMANIC
TRIBES.
- How did the Romans call these peoples? What does this word mean?
BARBARIANS.
THIS WORD MEANS "FOREIGNERS" FOR THE ROMANS. WE USE IT TODAY TO SAY
"RUDE".
- Who attacked from the east?
THE
PERSIANS.
The recovery of the 4th century
- What happened when Diocletian came to power?
REFORMS
WERE CARRIED OUT TO RESOLVE THE PROBLEMS IN THE EMPIRE.
- What did Constantine do to achieve unity?
THE EMPEROR
CONSTANTINE TOLERATED CHIRSTIANITY.
- Where did Constantine moved the capital of the empire?
TO
CONSTANTINOPLE.
- Who entered Germanic territory in 375?
THE HUNS.
- Consequently, who fled into the Roman empire?
THE
GERMANIC TRIBES.
- What was the Romans´ reaction?
THE ROMANS
WERE UNABLE TO STOP THE INVASION OF THESE BARBARIANS.
- What happened after the emperor Theodosius´ death in 395? Why?
THE EMPIRE
WAS DIVIDED INTO TWO, SO THAT IT COULD BE DEFENDED MORE EASILY.
- Where was the Western Roman Empire´s capital?
IN ROME.
- Where was the Eastern Roman Empire´s capital?
IN
CONSTANTINOPLE.
- Did both empires had the same emperor and institutions?
NO, THEY
DIDN´T. EACH EMPIRE HAD ITS OWN EMPEROR AND ITS OWN INSTITUTIONS.
The fall of the Roman Empire
- Could the Western emperors stop the Germanic tribes? What happened then?
THE WESTERN
EMPEROS COULD NOT STOP THE GERMANIC TRIBES.
THE
GERMANIC TRIBES FORMED THEIR OWN KINGDOMS.
- What happened in 476? What new period in History begins after that date?
IN 476, THE
GERMANIC TRIBES DEPOSED THE LAST WESTERN ROMAN EMPEROR, BRINGING THE EMPIRE TO
AN END.
AFTER 476,
THE MIDDLE AGES START IN WESTERN EUROPE.
- How long did the Eastern Empire last?
FOR ANOTHER
THOUSAND YEARS.
- What was the name given to the Eastern Empire?
BYZANTINE
EMPIRE.
Do activities 1a and 1b on page 129.
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